Alexandria Engineeing Libraries
الأربعاء، 20 أغسطس 2014
الإعلان عن نتيجة الأقسام
الثلاثاء، 19 أغسطس 2014
A new shining capital by:Prof.Dr: Mohsen Zahran
A
new shining capital
writes Mohsen Zahran
The writer is professor of urban planning at the University of Alexandria.
To save Cairo, and spur
the development of Egypt on the national scale, there is no reason to delay in
making the appropriate plans and setting to work on building a new capital
city,
I have long held that
securing a bright future for Egypt rests on a comprehensive integrated strategy
for stimulating the wheels of growth and development. Such a strategy must
engage a scientifically sound approach and an ambitious national plan for targeted
human resource development that encompasses all political, urbanisation,
social, economic, development and cultural realms. We are all morally bound to
share in the bold and daring fight to overcome the gruelling difficulties and
hardships that result from the forces of underdevelopment, the high population
growth rates that compound general deterioration, sluggish economic and social
development, high unemployment rates, spread of informal urban settlements,
shortages in food and shelter, closed horizons and the dissipation of the hopes
of younger generations.
One of the facts
established by the numerous scientific conferences and workshops and
intellectual meetings in which I have taken part is that we must redistribute
our populace away from the traditional Nile Delta and Nile Valley axis, where
95 per cent of Egypt’s 83 million people are densely concentrated, leaving 95
per cent of our country’s approximately one million square kilometres
uninhabited and a lure to others’ greed. The demographic redistribution across
all quarters of our territory to the south, north, east and west, in the
framework of a national network of transportation grids, urbanisation and
production, as laid out in a comprehensive national development plan, will
accomplish national strategic goals in security, safety, sustainable
development and growth in the unipolar world of this current era of
globalisation.
One is dumbfounded by
what we do to ourselves. Our duties to honesty and scientific objectivity
compel us to acknowledge that the construction of 22 satellite cities around
old cities, with plans for new ones down the line, is not the answer. Rather
than alleviating our problem, these schemes will generate further deterioration
and crises, spur greed and speculation, and exacerbate the problems of housing
shortages, informal settlements and rising prices.
A bold national urban
development project should require plans to create new corridors and nuclei
that will attract development and, more crucially, that are dispersed across
our national territory far away from the current octopus-like urban sprawls. We
could begin with the 1,100 kilometre long urbanisation artery along the north
coast and another 1,300 kilometre long artery along the Red Sea mountains, and
then gradually proceed to develop and integrate new arteries elsewhere across
the country, taking advantage of local natural resources, environmental
features and economic potentials, aiming to complete a grid covering our entire
territory by 2050.
The first pioneering urban
corridor in this region arose in tandem with the construction of the Suez
Canal, which was opened in 1869. It led to the construction of the three Canal
Zone cities, Port Said, Ismailia and Suez, linked together by an urban artery
supported by a network of roads, railroads and communications facilities. That
was a quintessential model of the linkage between an economic aim and an urban
development aim. As attested by the documents of the Suez Canal Company that
would later be nationalised, the project accomplished numerous local, national
and international goals, while drawing the urban development movement eastward
away from the Nile Valley and Delta and giving birth to a dynamic artery for
habitation, commerce and transportation. It was an unprecedented feat that
overturned the history of Egypt, the region and the world.
It seems as though one
must forever despair at the opportunities lost. After the October 1973 war, a
new dawn broke with golden rays promising rapid growth and development,
engaging billions of dollars in the development of new infrastructure and the
construction of dozens of new cities, especially around the capital.
Unfortunately, those investments and works at the time were not directed to the
realisation of a brave and ambitious urban development strategy aiming to
create new urban and industrial corridors away from the overcrowded Nile Valley
so as to open new horizons for a poor developing people whose hopes and dreams
had been deferred for the sake of helping others and were now dissipated again
due to the lack of vision, much talk and little action.
Reality does not lie. In
spite of huge outlays and expenditures following the adoption of the “Open Door
Policy”, we have yet to develop a bold, unconventional comprehensive urban
development vision. Instead of planning for new and promising urban corridors
and pioneering development nuclei we have repeated the same mistakes and
consequent ills of the satellite cities in other countries. Is it possible
that, as of yet, there is no comprehensive plan for Greater Cairo, binding on
all, in spite of the numerous plans that have been drawn up but were never
authorised and implemented? Does it make sense to construct rings of new
cities, all connected to the mother city with umbilical cords and perpetually
feeding on it, aggravating the conditions of a capital that is already strained
and reeling under enormous pressures? Some have even volunteered the idea of
linking the new cities to the metro and bus lines, a suggestion that promises
to only make matters far worse. The government spends billions on constructing
overpasses and tunnels for cars and metros in the hope of alleviating the urban
ailments that we, ourselves, have created and that have given rise to the
spreading tentacles of informal settlements, suffocating urban congestion and a
permanent haze of pollution. Is there some unwritten rule stating that we
should permit construction around ring roads as soon as they are completed,
only to begin construction of other ring roads further out in endless waves of
expansion, in spite of the fact that we know that we should prohibit
construction near the ring roads so as to develop the green belt that we have
been talking about since the 1980s? It is as though we are set upon forever
battling with accumulating symptoms, narrowly escaping disaster and muttering
supplications.
Greater Cairo is being
strangled by one ring after another, each bringing new woes. We will continue
to suffer from these until eventually we wake up and opt for the rational,
scientific approach and proper strategic planning. The experiences of other
countries, both developed and developing, have proven that new cities should be
built well away from parent cities so that they can mature healthily and become
independent and self-sufficient. These experiences also show that when new
cities are built close to parent cities they turn into commuter towns or
bedroom communities that empty out during the day. Even if factories and
commercial centres are built to create jobs, these new cities cannot compete
with the pull of the larger parent cities. The thousands of empty housing units
that inhabit our new cities testify to this. Perhaps, at least, it would have
made sense to link employment in new jobs in the factories of the new cities to
a commitment on the part of the employee to live there so as not to defeat the
purpose of their construction.
Some countries have
followed an approach that has proved successful: creating new capitals and
administrative centres far away from the old capital. A prime example is
Brasilia, the planning and construction of which began in the 1950s in a vast
unpopulated area well out of reach from the urban pull of San Paolo and Rio de
Janeiro. The construction of Washington as a capital city in the US certainly
did not halt expansion and the rise of major cities such as New York, Boston,
Philadelphia, Chicago or San Francisco, each of which is thriving, unique in
character, and capable of sustaining their pioneering civilisational
contributions. The same applies to Ottawa in Canada, Melbourne in Australia,
Ankara and Turkey and Bonn in former West Germany. In like manner, building a
new capital for Egypt will not diminish the brilliance of Cairo and its
pioneering civilisational role.
The time has come to put
an end to the cancerous urban growth of Greater Cairo that now houses 20 per
cent of Egypt’s population. This mega polis monopolises the lion’s share of
national investment per capita, yet it continues to buckle under the weight of
sprawling slums, congested roads, and deteriorating services and infrastructure
while it gobbles up the agricultural land around it. Why do we blindly and
blithely keep inflicting this harm on ourselves? How can we allow ourselves to
persist in this waste of labour and money?
The idea of building a
new capital for Egypt has been discussed since the 1950s. At one point, the
government made an attempt to create an alternative administrative capital in
Sadat City. The idea was soon abandoned and the empty ministry buildings were turned
to educational purposes.
Now, the idea should no
longer be put off or ignored. The current policy of the government emphases
change, reform, decentralisation and eliminating red tape. Serious and
encouraging steps have been taken in this direction. Provincial governors have
been delegated a number of ministerial powers enabling them to set into motion
the constructions of new urban and development corridors and nuclei. But
radical change is needed in development planning, policies, programmes and projects
at all levels and in all fields.
The location of a new
capital city must be carefully chosen. Above all, it must be situated at a
sufficient distance from Greater Cairo to prevent the rise of more bedroom
communities that feed off the mother city, and to ensure the practical
realisation of the goal of decentralisation. The construction of Heliopolis
over a hundred years ago was, for its time, a pioneering venture in urban
development that was carried out with little cost to the state. The same
applied to Maadi and Moqattam. The crucial point is to identify the aim, the
feeling and the specifications of the new capital, and to choose a location
that offers the best possible potential for communications, energy,
transportation networks, buildings, businesses and all the other ingredients for
a healthy vibrant life. Also to ensure the independence of the city and its
ability to thrive, it will be important to ascertain that the land in the
surrounding desert areas can be reclaimed and put under cultivation so as to
provide the city’s inhabitants with food and clean air.
Cairo will have nothing
to fear. Its eternal light will not dim. In fact, it will have a chance to
shine brighter once we alleviate it of its chronic ailments and burdens.
Meanwhile, the new city will perform its intended role and functions, becoming
a true seat of government complete with the institutions, agencies and support
services fit for a capital of Egypt of the future. Naturally, the project can
be carried out in phases over time and space. For example, we can begin with the
government agencies that do not interact with the public on a daily basis, such
as the presidency, some government administrations, embassies, research
centres, private universities and high tech industries. In our computerised age
of internet communications, there is no longer any need for government agencies
and institutions to be clumped together. Global transnational companies manage
their daily activities from continents away. The same applies to the world’s
major newspapers that are printed and distributed in various spots on the globe
at the same time. Our technocratic era has erased the borders of time and place
in the global village of today.
Reflecting this spirit,
Egypt’s new capital must be more than just an administrative centre. It should
incorporate science parks, industrial parks, business and management parks,
entertainment and recreation parks and other diverse and modern features that
give it the unique and attractive character that we would like to see in our
capital of the future. It is important to ensure that its activities are
diverse, organised into diverse hubs, like pearls woven together by a solid,
efficient and elegant fabric of state-of-the-art transportation and
communications networks, services and utilities, and other such features that
will give life to our dreams for a new, prosperous and trailblazing Egypt.
As a temporary step, we
might consider turning one of our promising existing cities, such as
Alexandria, Sharm El-Sheikh or Luxor into an interim capital until the new
capital of our dreams is sufficiently prepared to take off. The crucial point
is that the idea of creating a new capital for our country is consistent with
the nature of the challenges and promises of the 21st century. We can no longer
afford to procrastinate. We need to forge ahead with the type of great dreams
and innovative projects that help guard the safety, security and stability of
nations and fulfil the hopes and aspirations that are shared by people
everywhere.
If we agree to
summon our resolve, we must renew the covenant with a state that protects
without intimidating, invests but does not squander, disseminates peace and
works make people’s hopes and dreams come true. Accordingly, this requires
introducing and implementing the necessary changes in all the political,
legislative and regulatory frameworks governing development, the economy,
culture, the environment, society and other crucial aspects of life without
delay.
الأحد، 10 أغسطس 2014
RETBE'14 Conference
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Kind Regards.
Conference Team,
Faculty of Engineering,
Alexandria University.
Web Site: http://retbe14.alexu.edu.eg
E-Mail: retbe14@alexu.edu.eg
Conference Team,
Faculty of Engineering,
Alexandria University.
Web Site: http://retbe14.alexu.edu.eg
E-Mail: retbe14@alexu.edu.eg
الخميس، 7 أغسطس 2014
إمتحانات قسم الهندسة الكيميائية 2013 ترم أول وثانى جميع الفرق
الهندسة الكيميائية
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إمتحانات قسم الهندسة الكهربائية 2013 ترم أول وثانى جميع الفرق
إمتحانات قسم الهندسة الكهربائية 2013 ترم أول وثانى جميع الفرق
إمتحانات قسم هندسة الحاسبات والنظم 2013 ترم أول وثانى جميع الفرق
إمتحانات قسم هندسة الحاسبات والنظم 2013 ترم أول وثانى جميع الفرق
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الأربعاء، 6 أغسطس 2014
إمتحانات قسم الهندسة البحرية وعمارة السفن 2013 ترم أول وثانى جميع الفرق
إمتحانات قسم الهندسة البحرية وعمارة السفن 2013 ترم أول وثانى جميع الفرق
الهندسة البحرية وعمارة السفن
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إمتحانات قسم هندسة الانتاج 2013 ترم أول وثانى جميع الفرق
إمتحانات قسم هندسة الانتاج 2013 ترم أول وثانى جميع الفرق
هندسة الانتاج
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- Advanced Machine Tools
- Automatic control
- Engineering Management
- Knowledge Engineering
- اختيار مواد هندسية
- انظمة القياس المتقدمة
- تكنولوجيا التشغيل المتقدم
- ميكاالكترونية
ترم ثانى
Using the Earned Value Management System to Measure and Improve Construction Project Control.
Title: Using the Earned Value Management System to Measure and Improve Construction Project Control.
Author : Eman Ibrahim Abd El-Latif
Collection : M.Sc. Structural
Abstract:
Project control is a key factor in ensuring that business and project objectives are achieved through the provision of accurate and efficient information to support informed decision making.
Project control encompasses planning, scheduling and cost control activities. Although this report focuses on project cost control and various methods of cost control used in projects construction.
Cost control considered as a process where the construction cost of the project is managed through the best methods and techniques so that the contractor does not suffer losses when carrying out the activities of the project.
Therefore, the cost control and management is more complicated and has multiple levels.
Once the construction cost is out of control, it will lead to a great waste and will bring about more pressures for property management in later. A nice cost control is meaningful for the whole construction projects. To realize better cost control and management of construction project is important for today’s harmonious society.
In a perfect world, everything functions as it should. In the real world of project control, the tale is often less than perfect with numerous obstacles and disappointments.
Project cost control seems to be simple in theory, but difficult to do in practice, many factors are causing a gap between cost control theory and practice.Some of those factors will be presented in that report. One of the aims of cost control is to construct at the cheapest possible costs consistent with the project objectives.In that way Earned Value Management method is considered as the optimal method for controlling the project costs. The term ”Earned Value” is gaining in popularity around project management circles. The name implies a something that is gained through some effort. It has been in use since the 1960s when the Department of Defense adopted it as a standard method of measuring project performance on the factory floor. The report will present how to apply this useful project management tool and point the way to make it work.
EVM is an effective project controlling tool but it’s success relies on the existence of an effective plan. Its system is a significant positive predictor of project success. The method, if to be used efficiently, require a disciplined approach to collection of data on project cost and progress ( on weekly or monthly basis) and findings to be processed immediately.
Traditional EVM techniques are intended for ideal scheduling scenarios and those techniques fail to obtain accurate indicators to reflect project performance status.
However, EVM considered that the difference between amount of the cumulative earned value and amount of the cumulative planned value as the schedule variance (SV); and this measurement of the schedule variance is not related to time.
So it is needed for a simple tool to assess progress in the terms of time. Thus, A modification of the method, to allow for time analysis, is to be illustrated in this report.
Applications of Nuclear Engineering.
Title: Applications of Nuclear Engineering.
Author : Ahmed Amr Mohamed Sabry Abd El-Aziz Sultan
Collection : M.Sc. Nuclear
Abstract:
Accidental and illegal marine pollution in the Mediterranean Sea constitutes a major threat to the marine environment. Previous incidents in the Mediterranean Sea and the Arabian Gulf have resulted in environmental and economic damages to fisheries, to the tourist industry and to coastal marine ecosystems. Oil-pollution discharges in the Mediterranean Sea and Arabian Gulf from ships and sometimes the coastline power plants have been described as significant and are a cause of environmental degradation in the seas of the Middle East region. To prevent the major impact of accidental oil spills, local and regional preparedness and response plans recommend the use of computer-aided support systems based on operational oceanography and real-time ocean forecasts and real-time ocean forecasts coupled with satellites images and oil-spill models.
In this study, these models were used to predict the movement of oil spills which were caused by a hypothetical tanker accident and coastline power plants on the Levantine Basin (sub region in the Mediterranean Sea) and the Arabian Gulf. The European program (MIDSLIK) was used to simulate four oil spill accidents in the Mediterranean Sea near to the north coast of Egypt. Some of these accidents were caused by tankers and others by coastline power stations such as Abu Qir power station in Alexandria. This program incorporates the use of forecasts developed under MFS (Mediterranean forecasting system) program for the whole Mediterranean Sea and its sub-regions (Levantine Basin). It uses a modified version of Mackay’s fate algorithms for evaporation and emulsification and the dispersion algorithm of Buist and Mackay. Moreover, the American program (GNOME) was used in this study to simulate an oil spill occurred on the Iranian coastline on the Arabian Gulf after an accident in Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant after an earthquake occurred. It is also used to simulate an oil spill caused by a tanker near to Baraka Nuclear Power Plant in the United Arab Emirates. The world worst oil spills occurred since 1967 and its sources are presented in this study.
The thesis contains an analysis of oil impact on the performance of a nuclear power plant; starting from the effect on the inlet cooling water of the condenser in the secondary circuit of the reactor and ending with the effect on the primary circuit parameters and reactor power. This analysis depends on computer model of the reactor condenser which is designed by using MATLAB and SIMULINK. Moreover, a mathematical model for predicting the dynamic response of the H. B. Robinson pressurized water reactor plant (Primary circuit) is formulated and simulated by
POL YMATH software. Also this part contains an explanation of the functions of the Chemical and Volume Control System (CVCS) which is used to contain this impact. This part includes technical and operational specifications of a PWR.
from the calculations in this study, some conclusions and recommendations were concluded to help in the containment countermeasure plans to prevent the damage of oil spill accidents in the Mediterranean Sea and the Arabian Gulf in the Middle East and also to support decision maker with predictions of oil fate and dispersion.
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