Author : Eman Mohamed Mohamed El-Sayed
Degree : Ph.D. Chemical
Title: Synthesis and characterization of Inorganic Ion Exchanger to be Utilized
for Heavy Metal Decontamination from Industrial Wastewater
Abstract
Environmentalists concern over the
presence of toxic heavy metals ions in the aquatic environment stems from the
fact that these metals ions are non-biodegradable and can accumulate in the
living tissues, thus they may be concentrated throughout the food chain.
Furthermore, the presence of heavy metal ions in wastewater inhibits
biodegradation of organic pollutants, which might be present in the wastewater.
Ion exchange has been used as a suitable water treatment process to remove
heavy metals. Many studies have been conducted to remove these harmful heavy
metals by using different ion exchange materials either organic or inorganic.
For this research, an innovative
heteropolyacid salt of ion exchange material namely, nano-zirconium
tungstovanadate has been synthesized. The differentiation in the physical and
chemical properties of the synthesized ion exchanger based significantly on its
preparation conditions. In this respect, this investigation represents
comparison study on utilization both the sol-gel and hydrothermal techniques
for nano-zirconium tungstovanadate synthesis. The influence of the preparation
conditions, such as reaction temperature, hydrochloric acid concentration, and
molar ratio of the reactants on the ion exchange capacity of the prepared
materials have been taken into account for each preparation technique. The
different synthesized ion exchange materials were compared based on both their
ion exchange capacity (iEC) beside their efficiency in lead ions separation
from aqueous streams by conducting batch experiments. It was revealed that the
hydrothermal method was superior to the sol-gel method for producing nano
particles with smaller crystalline size. Structural characterization of the
most proper prepared ion exchanger was performed with powder X-ray diffraction
(XRD), thermogravimetry (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDX)
and with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-DES).
The prepared materials were evaluated
in the removal of lead ions from industrial wastewater by batch and continuous
techniques. The results showed that, the prepared nano-zirconium
tungstovanadate is a promising cation exchanger for lead ion decontamination
from the polluted water in view of the fact that lead ion removal rate was
recorded up to 99.4 within 3
hours.
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