Author : Saad Jazi El-Balwy
Degree : M.Sc. Marine
Title:
The Use of Hydrogen
as a Fuel for Marine Power Plants
Abstract
The current thesis aims at
introducing one aspect of green energy. The use of hydrogen as fuel for marine
power plants, to replace all kinds of fossil fuels which are the major
responsible of harmful emissions. The current situation of fossil fuels has
tremendous as well as economic situations suggested. Hydrogen is an attractive,
pollution-free energy carrier, which is characterized in addition by a flexible
and efficient energy conversion. Technology of hydrogen production is well
developed and has advantage of practically unlimited basis of the raw
materials. Hydrogen is widely produced and used, but it is now being considered
for use as a catalyst for stationary power and transportation markets. Major
current uses of the commercially produced hydrogen include oil refining, food
production, treating metals, and producing ammonia for fertilizer and other
industrial uses. In addition to the conventional hydrogen production methods of
steam methane reforming and electric-powered electrolysis, a new suite of
renewable production options is emerging. These include using renewable power
directly for electrolysis, various biogas production options using gasification
or pyrolysis processes or biomass fermentation with microorganisms. Hydrogen
can be stored in three forms; gaseous, liquid or as a solid combined with a
metal hybrid. The most suitable storage method is dependent upon safety
aspects, environmental issues, economic criteria and the end-use of hydrogen.
Significant amounts of hydrogen can be stored within high-pressure storage
tanks which are similar to the storage of natural gas. The construction material
properties depend on the quantity of gaseous hydrogen that can be stored in
pressure vessels. In addition, hydrogen can be stored in a liquid form but it
faces various competitive factors. Liquefactionprocess requires a large
expenditure of energy and it should be continually kept at a low temperature.
Another means of hydrogen storage is that of metal hydride storage. The
advantage of the system is that hydrogen being stored as a metal at low
pressure and that it stores more volume than compressed gaseous or liquid
hydrogen. The current thesis is divided into six chapters: Chapter one
introduces hydrogen as a fuel in marine field, hydrogen infrastructure,
hydrogen fuel safety and fossil fuel emissions. Chapter two includes historical
literature review of hydrogen fuel. Hydrogen history, hydrogen fuel properties,
hydrogen applications and hydrogen fuel for high speed crafts were presented as
well as current hydrogen market. In chapter three, hydrogen operation ill
marine field has been discussed.Hydrogen as an alternative fuel, safety and
regulations for hydrogen fuel, environmental considerations of hydrogen fuel,
market and perspectives for marine hydrogen fuel and codes and standards for
hydrogen fuel were explained. Moreover, advantages and disadvantages of
hydrogen for marine field were explained. Chapter four focuses on hydrogen
production, storage, and usage.Hydrogen production methods include steam
reforming, electrolysis,gasification,biological, and Green hydrogen production.
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